日本共产党关于“天皇制”的概念形成、嬗变与认识变迁

Japanese Communist Party ’s Understanding of Japanese Imperial System:Conception Formation and Changes

“天皇制”概念由日本共产党最先提出,是该党运用马克思主义理论对近代日本国家体制和政权结构之认识不断深化的结果,是日本共产党与党内的解党派和劳农派进行激烈政治斗争的产物。二战后,日本共产党“打倒天皇制”的呼吁引起了日本社会对“天皇制”的激烈论争和反思,使得“天皇制”成为日本社会各界共享的政治术语;但“天皇制”的原初概念被有意肢解,最终演变为“以天皇为最高权力者的日本国家体制”的广义性概念。与此同时,随着日本国内外政治形势的纷纭变化,日本共产党由反对和否定“天皇制”转变为认可并尊重“天皇制”,但仍不放弃在恰当时机“废除天皇制”的战略目标。重新审视日本共产党为反对“天皇制”所进行的理论与实践的历史作用和现实意义,或能为我们清醒把握和研判“天皇制”的功能作用与发展走向提供有益的启示。

The concept of“imperial system”was initially put forward by Japanese Communist Party(JCP),which reflects the Party’s deepening understanding of the system of the modern state and the structure of the regime from theoretical perspective of Marxism.It is also the result of the fierce political struggle within the party,involving factions representing the workers and peasants in the party.After the end of WWII,JCP called to overthrow the imperial system,which caused the fierce debate and reflection relating to the imperial system and made the concept of“imperial system”become a political term shared by all the Japanese society.However,with the changes of the political situation at home and abroad,JCP has changed its political posture,shifting from denying and fighting against the imperial system to recognize and respect it,but not giving up the strategic goal of abolish the imperial system.It is of historical and practical significance to reexamine JCP’s understanding in relating to Japanese imperial system,which may provide some implication for predicting the development of the imperial system.