《城市居住区规划设计标准》的街坊开发强度探讨

A Reflection on the Residential Block Development Intensity in the “Urban Neighborhood Planning and Design Standards”

《城市居住区规划设计标准》(GB 50180-2018)对营造舒适的居住生活环境、经济有效地利用土地和空间做了进一步的完善。但是在对高层居住街坊进行最大开发强度限定时却存在全国“一刀切”的状况,使其实施存在很大的现实不适应性。对此,文章通过进行模型验证,结合我国城市建设的实际情况,指出《城市居住区规划设计标准》(GB 50180-2018)中高层居住街坊容积率上限值 3.1 的不合理性及“80 米终结高低配”的谬误所在。随后借鉴发达国家和地区的相关经验对该问题进行反思:开发强度“一刀切”的管控模式不仅导致土地经济效益难以得到充分发挥,还影响城市空间美观。因此,对于开发强度的控制应该在维护公共利益的基础上,放权给地方,结合城市设计进行综合考虑,分区、分类进行精细化管控;对指标的调控留有余地,以满足市场经济条件下对城市开发控制管理的需求,从而有效引导空间规划建设,提高管制的科学性与可操作性。

Urban Neighborhood Planning and Design Standards has improved in living environment, effective land use and space, but the highest development intensity of residential block is rigidly uniformed across the country. By model testing, the paper points out the irrationality of highest FAR 3.1 and 80m end in Urban Neighborhood Planning and Design Standards. The rigid control of highest intensity will jeopardize the economic ef ficiency of land use and urban image. The local government shall be authorized on the control of land development intensity conditioned public bene fit is protected. Combined with urban design, the development intensity shall be re fined by different zones and categories with flexibility. It satis fies the needs of urban development control under market economy, and improves the science and feasibility of urban planning governance.