幼龄苹果园间作马铃薯最佳栽培密度研究

The Research of the Optimal Cultivation Model of Potato Intercropping in Young Apple Orchard

[目的]研究幼龄果园间作马铃薯不同间作密度对马铃薯产量和果树根系的影响。[方法]设T1、T2、T33种间作模式,果树营养带宽度分别为0.75、0.95、1.25m,间作第1年果树为2年生,间作第2年测定果树根系生长状况。[结果]根据2年的产量表现,马铃薯单位面积产量表现为T1>T2>T3,各处理间均存在显著差异。T1处理由于营养带宽度小,马铃薯根系与果树根系养分竞争激烈,果树根系表现出明显的向深层土壤生长现象;T1和T2处理直径为5~10mm的粗根和直径<2mm的细根根系数量显著少于T3处理和CK,果树营养带较窄时,可显著抑制果树新根发生和根系增粗生长;T3处理果树营养带宽,与清耕相比,对果树根系生长无显著的抑制作用。[结论]T3处理是幼龄果园间作马铃薯的最佳间作模式。

[Objective]To study the effect of different potato intercropping densities in young orchard on potato yield and fruit tree root system.[Method] 3 planting patterns were put forward in this experiment,the corresponding vegetative band widths were 0.75 ,0.95 and 1.25 m,the premiere intercropping year was a 2-year-old apple orchard,and the root growth status was determined in the second year.[Result]According to the potato yield performance of the next two years,the yield per unit area of potato was T 1 > T 2 > T 3,there were significant differences between treatments.Due to small nutrient bandwidth,the nutrient competition between potato root system and fruit tree root system was fierce of T 1,and the fruit tree root system showed obvious deep soil growth.The number of thick roots with diameter of 5-10 mm and fine roots with diameter <2 mm in T 1 and T 2 treatments were significantly less than those in T 3 and CK treatments,when the vegetative zone of fruit trees was narrower,the new root formation and root coarser growth of fruit trees could be significantly inhibited.T 3 had a wide inter space,it had no significant inhibitory effect on the root growth compared with clean tillage.[Conclusion]T 3 treatment was the best intercropping mode for young orchard.