1961—2014年我国地表温度时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Temperature in China from 1961 to 2014

基于1961—2014我国地区535个站点的逐日温度观测数据,采用线性趋势估计和MK检验对我国地表平均温度、最低和最高温度的时空变化情况进行分析。结果表明,1961—2014年,我国的地表平均温度、最高温度、最低温度在年和季尺度上均表现为显著上升(P<0.01)趋势;温度变化率冬季最高,夏季最低;其中最低温度变化率较高,最高温度变化率较低。温度突变年份在20世纪80年代左右,显著增温年份在20世纪末左右;空间分布上,我国大部分地区的平均温度、最高温度和最低温度均增加,与温度变化率变化趋势一致,均是从西北到东南地区递减;极端高温天数整体呈上升趋势,极端低温天数整体呈下降趋势。

Based on the daily temperature observation data of 535 stations in China from 1961 to 2014,linear trend estimation and MK test were used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of mean,minimum and maximum surface temperatures in China.Results showed that China’s average surface temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature showed significant upward trends ( P <0.01)from 1961 to 2014 on both annual and seasonal scales.Temporally,the rate of temperature change was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer.The minimum temperature change rate was higher and the maximum temperature change rate was lower.The year with abrupt temperature change was around 1980s,and the year with significant temperature increase was around the end of 20th century.Spatially,the average temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature in most regions of China all increased,which was consistent with the change trend of temperature change rate and decreased from northwest to southeast.The number of days with extremely high temperature showed an overall upward trend,while the number of days with extremely low temperature showed an overall downward trend.