广西花坪国家级自然保护区鸟类资源与多样性分析

Bird Resource and Diversity Analysis in Huaping National Nature Reserve of Guangxi

2015年7月至2016年12月对广西花坪国家级自然保护区的鸟类进行了野外调查。调查结果表明,保护区共有鸟类资源11目34科101种,其中8种被列入CITES附录Ⅱ,23种广西重点保护动物,1种为中国特有物种和54种属于“三有”野生动物。保护区鸟类资源中,共有留鸟70种(69.31%),冬候鸟17种(16.83%),夏候鸟11种(10.89%),旅鸟2种(1.98%),迷鸟1种(0.99%);东洋型物种最多,为58种(57.43%),其中古北型3种(2.97%),全北型2种(1.98%),中亚型1种(0.99%),季风型2种(1.98%),喜马拉雅-横断山区型5种(4.95%),东北型8种(7.92%),不易归类的分布型7种(6.93%),南中国型15种(14.85%)。保护区共有17种鸟类优势种,2015年秋季、2016年春季和冬季的优势种最多(5种);保护区2016年的鸟类多样性存在明显的季节性变化;不同季节鸟类物种的均匀度指数差异不明显;在调查的5种栖息地中,鸟类多样性也有明显差异;不同类型栖息地的鸟类物种均匀度指数差异不明显,森林地、居住区和内陆水域的均匀度指数相同。与以前的调查相比,此次调查对该保护区内鸟类资源状况和多样性有了更深入的了解,为今后保护区的动物资源和环境保护提供了重要的参考依据。

From July of 2015 to December of 2016,the birds in Huaping National Nature Reserve of Guangxi were investigated in the field.The field survey results showed that there were 101 bird species of birds in Huaping Nature Reserve,belonging to 34 families,11 orders.Among them,8 species were listed in CITES Appendix Ⅱ,23 species were key protected animals in Guangxi,1 species was endemic of China and 54 species belonged to the "Three Habits" wildlife.There were 70 residents (69.31%),17 winter visitors (16.83%),11 summer visitors (10.89%), 2 passage migrants (1.98%) and 1 vagrant visitor(0.99%).The birds had a highly mixed composition of faunal distribution types,there were 58 Oriental Realm species (57.43%),3 Palaearetie Realm species (2.97%),2 Holarctic Realm species (1.98%),1 Central Asian type species (0.99%),2 Monsoon type species (1.98%),5 Himalayan-Hengduan type species (4.95%),8 Northeast type species (7.92%), 15 South China type species(14.85%)and 7 species (6.93%) of distribution type,which were hard to classify. There were 17 dominant species of birds in the reserve,and the dominant species were the most in autumn of 2015,spring and winter of 2016 (5 species).There were obvious seasonal changes in bird diversity in the reserve in 2016.And there was no significant difference in evenness index of bird species in different seasons.Among the five investigated habitats ,there were also significant differences in bird diversity.The evenness index of bird species in different habitats was not obvious,the evenness index of forest land,residential area and inland water area was the same.Compared with the previous surveys,this survey enabled us to have a deeper understanding of the status and diversity of bird resources in the reserve,and provided important reference basis for animal resources and environmental protection in the future.