游隙对铁路客车轴箱轴承性能的影响分析

Analysis of the influence of clearance on the performance of railway passenger car axle box bearings

基于RomaxDesigner软件,分析了铁路客车轴箱两套圆柱滚子轴承的径向工作游隙对滚子最大接触载荷、接触载荷分配、最小油膜厚度、轴承刚度及轴承疲劳寿命的影响,得出径向工作游隙是影响轴承力学性能的关键因素。分析结果表明:在给定的工况下,当内外侧两套轴承的径向工作游隙相差较大时,会导致两套轴承的载荷分配不均匀,进而使两套轴承的疲劳寿命不均衡,故两套轴承应采用相同的原始游隙,两套轴承的径向工作游隙差值要尽可能小;随着径向工作游隙的增大,模型中受载滚子个数逐渐减小,滚子的接触载荷分配曲线类似于正弦函数;轴承内外圈滚道最小油膜厚度随径向工作游隙的增大呈现先非线性增大后非线性减小的趋势,轴承内外圈最小油膜厚度与滚子承受最大载荷呈反比;轴承刚度随径向工作游隙的减小而增大,对滚子进行对数修形可以同时提高轴承的承载能力和抵抗变形的能力。

Based on RomaxDesigner software,analyzing the influence of radial working clearance of the two cylindrical roller bearings of railway passenger car axle box on the maximum roller contact load,contact load distribution,minimum oil film thickness,bearing stiffness and bearing life.It was concluded that the radial working clearance is a key factor affecting the mechanical properties of the bearing.The results show that under the given working conditions,when the radial working clearance difference between the inner and outer bearings is large,the load distribution of the two bearings will be uneven,and the life of the two bearings will be unbalanced.Therefore,the two bearings should use the same original clearance and the radial working clearance difference between the two bearings should be as small as possible.With the increase of clearance,the number of loading rollers decreases progressively in this model and the contact load distribution curve of the rollers is similar to the sinusoidal function.The minimum oil film thickness of the inner and outer races of the bearing increases nonlinearly first,and then decreases nonlinearly with the increase of the radial working clearance.The minimum oil film thickness of the inner and outer races of the bearing is inversely proportional to the maximum load of the roller.The bearing stiffness increases with the decrease of the radial working clearance,and the logarithmic modification of the roller can simultaneously improve the bearing capacity of the bearing and the ability of the bearing to resist deformation.