芽孢杆菌细菌素的研究进展及应用

Research Progress and Applications of Bacteriocins from Bacillus Species

芽孢杆菌种类多,分布广,是动植物微生态的优势菌之一。由于其具有形成芽孢(内生孢子)的能力,因而芽孢杆菌对外界有害因子抗性较强。此外,芽孢杆菌可以产生大量的抗菌物质,如核糖体合成的细菌素和次级代谢产物等。细菌素作为核糖体合成的天然抑菌产物,具有安全、高效、特异性强等特点,可以作为抗生素的一种有效代替产物来解决耐药性细菌的产生、增殖和传播。本文概括了目前产细菌素芽孢杆菌的种类及芽孢杆菌细菌素的分类,阐述了芽孢杆菌细菌素的抑菌机制及其在食品加工、生物防治以及医疗领域等方面的应用,最后对其未来发展方向进行了展望,旨在为细菌素的进一步开发研究及应用提供基础科研数据。

Bacillus species, a variety of species,widely distributed,is one of the dominant bacteria in animal and plant micro-ecology. Due to its ability to form spores (endospores),Bacillus is more resistant to external harmful factors. In addition,Bacillus can produce a large number of antibacterial substances,such as ribosomesynthesized bacteriocins and secondary metabolites. Bacteriocin, as a natural antibacterial product of ribosome synthesis,is safe,efficient and specific,and can be used as an effective substitute for antibiotics to solve the production,proliferation and spread of drug-resistant bacteria. This reviewsummarizes the kinds of Bacillus and classification of bacteriocins produced by Bacillus species, describes the antibacterial mechanism of bacteriocin from Bacillus species and the bacteriocin’s application in food processing,biological control and medical fields. Finally, the future development direction of bacteriocin from Bacillus species is prospected, aiming to provide basic research data for the further development and application of bacteriocin.