自然保护地优化整合对风景名胜区的影响

Influences of the Optimization and Integration of Nature Conservation Areas on Scenic Spots

利用ArcGIS空间分析技术,从国家公园空间布局研究、自然保护区与风景名胜区整合优化原则,以及风景名胜区自身特色属性三方面探讨了中国自然保护地建设对国家级风景名胜区保护发展的影响。结果显示:(1)在生物多样性保护优先区的保护范围内,满足大面积自然生态系统及物种保护需求、有可能转变成为陆地国家公园的国家级风景名胜区有48处,有可能转变成海洋国家公园的国家级风景名胜区有4处;(2)考虑生态价值、自然属性和大面积自然生态系统,有81处国家级风景名胜区可能受影响,61处可能转化成为国家公园,20处可能转化为自然保护区;(3)考虑自然生态系统保护、资源禀赋、建设适宜与管理可行等因素,有46处国家级风景名胜区可能受到影响,其中19处可能转变成为国家公园,27处可能转化为自然保护区;(4)若同时考虑大面积自然生态系统、生物多样性优先保护及风景名胜区类型、规模、特色、城市建设和旅游干扰等特征影响因素,则仅有6处国家级风景名胜区可能被划并为国家公园。建议新时代风景名胜区的保护管理“继续加强,不能削弱”,实事求是科学客观评估风景名胜区与其它自然保护地空间重叠区域的保护要求,以保护强度就高不就低为原则进行整合;自然保护地的空间整合优化宜建立在客观翔实的数据评估基础上,纳入以用途管制为主要手段的国土空间规划中;风景名胜区的保护,应当坚持中国特色,积极与新时期国际自然与文化对接融合的价值理念和做法趋势接轨。

Using the spatial analysis technology of ArcGIS, the paper discusses the influences of the construction of nature conservation areas on the protection and development of national scenic spots from three aspects: the research of the spatial layout of national parks, the principle of optimization and integration of nature conservation areas and scenic spots, and the characteristics of scenic spots. The results show that:(1) In the protection scope of biodiversity conservation priority areas, there are 48 national scenic spots can meet the requirements of large areas of natural ecosystem and species conservation, may be transformed into land national parks, and 4 national scenic spots may be transformed into marine national parks.(2) Considering the ecological value, natural attributes and large areas of natural ecosystem, 81 national scenic spots may be influenced, 61 national scenic spots of them may be transformed into national parks and 20 national scenic spots may be transformed into nature reserves.(3) Considering the factors of natural ecosystem protection, resource endowment, construction suitability and management feasibility, 46 national scenic spots may be influenced, 19 national scenic spots of them may be transformed into national parks and 27 national scenic spots may be transformed into nature reserves.(4) If considering all these factors, such as large areas of natural ecosystem, priority protection of biodiversity, the characteristics of scenic spots which includes type, scale, features, urban construction and tourism disturbance, there are only six national scenic spots may be transformed into national parks. The paper puts forward the following suggestions: The protection and management of scenic spots in the new era should continue to be strengthened, not weakened. Evaluation of the protection requirements of the overlapping areas of scenic spots and natural conservation areas should be scientific, objective and realistic. The integration principles should be high protection intensity not low. The spatial integration and optimization of nature reserves should be based on objective and comprehensive evaluation, and put into the territorial spatial planning which takes land use controlling as the main measure. The protection of scenic spots should adhere to the Chinese characteristics and actively coordinate with the value ideas and practice trend of international natural and cultural integration in new era.