人力资本外溢对新建企业选址的影响——来自中国工业企业的微观证据

The Impact of Human Capital Spillover on New Firm Location——The Micro Evidence from Chinese Industrial Enterprises

以城市作为企业选址的备选空间单元,利用负二项回归考察了人力资本溢出效应对工业部门新建企业选址的影响。结果显示人力资本溢出是影响新建企业选址的重要因素之一,但不同溢出效应的影响作用存在一定差异:(1)从地理空间看,在全国范围,中心城市的人力资本溢出有利于非中心城市吸引新企业进入,而在省域范围,省会城市的人力资本溢出对非省会城市企业选址的影响并不显著;(2)从企业类型看,人力资本溢出对大型企业选址的作用要强于中小企业,对非出口企业选址的作用要强于出口企业。鉴于新建企业选址对产业空间结构和地区经济发展的关键性影响,这一研究结论对促进我国各地区产业政策的实施,乃至园区与城镇化建设均具有较重要的政策含义。

Taking prefectrue-level cities as the alternative space units of enterprise site selection, this paper applies negative binomial regression model to estimate the impacts of human capital spillover effect on the location of newly-built enterprises. The results show that human capital spillover is one of the important factors affecting the location of newly-built enterprises, but there are certain differences in the impact of different spillover effects:(1) From the perspective of geographical space, at the national level, the spillover of human capital in central cities is beneficial to attracting new enterprises to non-central cities, while in provincial areas, the spillover of human capital in provincial capital cities has no significant impact on the location of enterprises in non-provincial capital cities;(2) From the perspective of the types of enterprises, the role of human capital spillovers in the selection of large enterprises is stronger than that of small and medium-sized enterprises. The site selection of non-exporting enterprises is stronger than that of exporting enterprises. Given the key influence of the new company’s site selection on the industrial spatial structure and regional economic development, this research conclusion has important policy implications for promoting the implementation of industrial policies in all regions of our country, and even the development of the park and urbanization.