中国国民幸福感的“镜像”与“原像”——基于国内外权威数据库的相互辅证与QCA适配路径分析

“Mirror Image” and “Original Image” of National Happiness——Based on Mutual Evidence and QCA Analysis of Authoritative Databases at Home and Abroad

本文基于国际、国内公认六大权威数据库,在提取有关中国国民幸福感调查结果信息的基础上进行动态分析和相互辅证,研究结果表明:(1)近十年内中国国民幸福感处于改善、上升通道,年度间虽有波动,但总体趋势上升而不是停滞不前,更没有出现"令人担忧"的下降迹象;(2)基于国际三大数据库的国别比较,中国国民幸福感改善空间(增量)在发展中国家中表现突出,在转型经济体中更是名列前茅;(3)2003-2015年中国农村居民幸福感略低于城市居民,但期间农村居民幸福感的增幅大于城市居民。采用QCA思路探索性地识别出中国国民幸福感增进的适配情境及其相应的路径取向。本文认为:"幸福悖论"逻辑争议的起点应该转向,那就是如果经济增长的确有利于国民幸福感提升,那么政府理所当然抓住经济脉搏;相反,"幸福悖论"若真出现,这就镜鉴政府当从民生方面去探寻增进国民幸福感的适配路径,预防重蹈"功利主义"覆辙。

Based on the international and domestically recognized six authoritative databases,this paper conducts dynamic analysis and mutual evidence on the basis of extracting information about the results of Chinese national happiness survey.The results show that:(1)Chinese national happiness has been improving in the past ten years.Although the rising channel has fluctuated during the year,the overall trend was rising rather than stagnating,and there is no sign of the"worrying"decline;(2)Based on the comparison of the three major international databases,the space(increment)for improvement of Chinese national happiness was outstanding among developing countries and was among the best in the transition economies;(3)China’s rural residents’happiness was slightly lower than that of urban residents from 2003 to 2015,but the increase in rural residents’happiness was greater than that of urban residents.The QCA idea is used to exploratoryly identify the adaptation situation of Chinese national happiness and its corresponding path orientation.This paper believes that the starting point of the logical controversy of"happiness paradox"should be turned,that is,if economic growth is indeed conducive to the improvement of national happiness,the government should definitely seize the pulse of the economy;on the contrary,if"happiness paradox"really appears,the government should explore the adaptation path to enhance the sense of national happiness from the perspective of people’s livelihood and prevent the repetition of"utilitarianism".