权力与心态:“元感上书”与长安三年经学派系分立考论

Power and Mentality: Examining Confucian Classics Faction Division during “Yuan Gan Reporting to the Throne” and the Third Year of Chang’an Reign

经学史上所谓“变古”实发端于武周时期。唐代前期完成经学总结后,经学继而走向僵化。武周代唐产生的政治变革和创新激励带来了经学革新的契机,于是有王元感和刘知幾等人掀起经学变古思潮,从而开辟宋代经学变古道路。长安三年可谓经学发展分水岭,唐代的经学一统变为派系分立。此年发生“元感上书”事件,标志着唐代经学由此显现为变古派和泥古派两大基本派系。两派的经学立场与其政治偏向和心态有密切关系。王元感负气上书,引发论战,变古派受益于武周政局,获得革新经学契机而偏向于亲武;泥古派心态微妙,寄望还政李唐,偏向于亲李而恪守经学传统。武则天出于政治利益考量和心理偏好,支持变古派。变古派得以在国家政治生活中崭露头角。

The so-called“Bian gu”(changing conservative thoughts) in the history of Confucian classics origi. nated in Wu Zhou dynasty. After the conclusion of Confucian classics in the early Tang dynasty, Confucian classics became rigid. The political reform and innovation from the replacement of Zhou Dynasty with Tang Dy. nasty brought the opportunity of Confucian classics innovation, so WANG Yuan-gan, LIU ZHI-ji and others raised the thought of“Bian gu”of Confucian classics, thus opening up the road of“Bian gu”of Confucian clas. sics in Song dynasty. The third year of Chang’an Reign can be said to be a watershed in the development of Confucian classics, the Confucian unity in Tang dynasty changing into a faction division. In this year, the event of“Yuan Gan Shang Shu”marked the emergence of the Confucian classics in the Tang dynasty as two basic factions:“Bai gu”school and“Ni gu”(keeping to conservative thoughts) school. The position of Confu. cian classics of the two groups is closely related to their political bias and mentality. WANG Yuan-gan angrily reported to the throne, which caused controversy. The“Bian gu”school benefited from the political situation of Wu Zhou dynasty and gained the opportunity to reform Confucian classics and favored the pro-military school.“Ni gu”school has a delicate mentality, looking forward to the return of Tang’s Regime, tending to fa. vor Li and adhere to Confucian classic. WU Ze-tian supported the“Bian gu”school out of considerations of political interests and psychological preference, which enabled the“Bian gu”school to emerge in the country’ s political life.