旱作区不同降解地膜对马铃薯产量及降解的影响

Effects of Different Degradable Films on Potato Yield and Degradation in Dryland Area

为明确不同降解地膜在安定区马铃薯生产上的降解情况和增产效果,减少地膜对土壤和农村环境污染,实现安定区旱作农业可持续发展,试验选择全生物黑色降解地膜6号、7号、8号、9号、11号,以普通黑色地膜覆盖为对照(CK)进行降解膜的降解特点及对马铃薯的保墒增产效果试验。结果表明,各降解膜的保温保墒效果、干物质积累量、产量均不如黑色全膜覆盖(CK),各处理都出现了不同程度的降解,但各处理的降解都没有达到完全崩解期和完全降解期。各处理以降解膜9号处理的产量为最高,为36261kg/hm^2,较黑色全膜覆盖(CK)处理减产4078kg/hm^2,减产率为10.11%;其次是降解膜6号处理,产量为34128kg/hm^2,较黑色全膜覆盖(CK)处理减产6211kg/hm^2,减产率为15.40%;最低是降解膜11号处理,产量为27756kg/hm^2,较黑色全膜覆盖(CK)处理减产12583kg/hm^2,减产率为31.19%。因此,在安定区应继续加大对降解膜的降解机理和对马铃薯增产效果试验研究,减少地膜污染。

Black biodegradable plastic films 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 were tested using regular black plastic film as a control in this experiment to study the degradation characteristics of the biodegradable films and their effects on water conservation and yield increases of potatoes in order to clarify the degradation of different degradable plastic films and yield increases in potato production, reduce the pollution of plastic films on soil and rural environment, and realize the sustainable development of dry farming in Anding Districts, The effect on moisture preservation, dry matter accumulation and yield of each degradable film was not as good as that of black film mulching (control). Degradation occurred to some extent in all biodegradable plastic films, but the degradation did not reach the complete disintegration stage and the complete degradation stage. Of all the biodegradable plastic films, biodegradable plastic film 9 gave the highest yield, 36 261 kg/ha, decreased by 4 078 kg/ha (10.11%) compared with the control. The biodegradable plastic film 6 came to the second place, with a yield of 34 128 kg/ha, decreased by 6 211 kg/ha (15.40%). The biodegradable film 11 performed the poorest, with a yield of only 27 756 kg/ha, which was 12 583 kg/ha lower than that of black film mulching (control), with a yield reduction of 31.19%. Therefore, the degradation mechanism of biodegradable films and their effects on potato yields should be further studied in Anding district in order to reduce plastic film pollution.