海盐腔消亡年代考

The Extinction of Haiyan Qiang

随着元曲的消亡,具有明显北曲色彩的南戏海盐腔也因口法不传及战争的摧残,最终于明末崇祯朝消亡。作为曲牌体制的官腔雅调,海盐腔的同一个曲牌可有剧唱与曲唱之别,剧唱是戏曲中的歌唱,曲唱是纯粹的声乐歌唱。出自越地的海盐歌调以“越”相称,但是,无论是海盐腔盛行时还是在其消亡后,“越调”“越曲”“越歌”“越唱”“越腔”等都是海盐曲唱。当年谭纶引进的“海盐声”不是剧唱而是曲唱,汤显祖写《庙记》时江西临川一带已无海盐腔戏剧演出,“《紫钗》一郡无人唱”时海盐曲唱也已消亡。

With the dying of Yuan qu, its descendant, Haiyan qiang, also extincted in the late Ming dynasty. An entertainment at court, A Haiyan qiang qupai could be performed as a play or a song. Haiyan qiang songs are titled by "Yue-", such as Yue diao, Yue qu, Yue ge, Yue chang, and Yue qiang. Haiyan sheng introduced by Tan Lun is a Haiyan qiang song. When Tang Xianzu wrote "Miaoji", there were no Haiyan qiang plays seen in Linchuan. Haiyan qiang songs extincted when there was the saying that "No one sings 'Zichai' in the whole county".