圆悟克勤手书了“茶禅一味”吗——兼谈珠光挂具墨迹的传承谱系

On the Relationship Between Eminent Monk Yuanwu Keqin and Calligraphy of “Cha Chan Yi Wei”

从学术生成史的角度,分析中国当代茶文化学界对宋代禅师圆悟克勤与“茶禅一味”关系讹误认知的源头及流布情况。《成都晚报》一篇文章提出圆悟克勤手书“茶禅一味”四字给珠光法师,题词收藏在日本奈良大德寺。1985年,林子青撰文予以批驳,并澄清事实。但错误的文章内容,被李明权收录到《佛学典故汇释》,又被知名学者葛兆光进一步放大,进而固化为在国内学界广受推崇的“成说”。在综合日本学者仓泽行洋、桑田忠亲及国内学者滕军、胡建明等人研究基础上,查证史料、正本清源,梳理了圆悟克勤在日本的三幅墨迹及传承谱系,以及到底哪幅墨迹对日本“茶禅一味”的茶道思想产生了深刻影响。

From the perspective of academic generation history, this paper analyzes the source and distribution of the erroneous cognition of the relationship between Yuanwu Keqin who was the Zen masters of the Song Dynasty, and the “Cha Chan Yi Wei”(Tasting Zen in Tea) in the field of Chinese contemporary tea culture. Chengdu Evening News once published an article, which mentioned that Yuanwu Keqin wrote the words of “Cha Chan Yi Wei”(Tasting Zen in Tea) in calligraphy for Master Zhuguang, and the inscription was collected in Dade Temple, Nara, Japan. Though this article was full of mistakes, it was reproduced by Fa Yin magazine. In 1985, Lin Ziqing wrote an article to refute and clarify the facts. However, the content of the erroneous article was included in the Record of Buddhist Classics by Li Mingquan, and was further intensified by the well-known scholar Ge Zhaoguang, and then gradually turned into an “Accepted Theory”, which was widely praised in the domestic academic circles. Based on the research of Japanese scholars Kurasawa Yukihiro, Kuwatata Dachika, and domestic scholars Teng Jun and Hu Jianming, this paper verified the historical materials and the original source, sorted out the three pieces of calligraphy by Yuanwu Keqin and its inheritance pedigrees in Japan, as well as clarified which calligraphy has had a profound impact on the tea ceremony of Japan’s “Cha Chan Yi Wei”(Taste Zen in Tea).