避雨设施栽培对中晚熟水蜜桃果实品质的影响

Effects of rain-sheltered cultivation on fruit quality in mid-late maturing juicy peach

避雨设施栽培是南方桃产区产业水平提升的重要技术措施。本研究以霞晖5号、丹霞玉露和迟玉露3个中晚熟水蜜桃品种为试材,以露地栽培为对照,分析避雨栽培对不同熟期桃品种果实品质的影响。结果表明,避雨栽培提高了桃果实中可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和蔗糖含量,特别是晚熟品种迟玉露中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖都显著高于露地栽培;总体来看,中熟品种果实总酸和有机酸各组分含量在避雨栽培后呈下降趋势,晚熟品种迟玉露则与之相反;避雨栽培也提高了果皮中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和花色苷含量,降低了总酚和类黄酮含量,变化的幅度因品种而异;此外,避雨栽培也使部分品种果实平均单果质量和色泽参数明显下降。因此,相对于露地栽培,避雨栽培能够明显改善桃果实的风味品质,但同时也会在一定程度上对果实的产量和外观着色产生不利的影响,避雨栽培措施要根据种植品种特性和具体天气条件变化进行优化调整。

Rain-sheltered cultivation is an important technical measure to promote peach industry in southern China.In this study,three mid-late maturing peach cultivars,Xiahui No.5, Danxiayulu and Chiyulu were used as test materials to analyze the influence of rain-sheltered cultivation on fruit quality of peach cultivars by using open-field cultivation as the control. The results showed that the rain-sheltered cultivation increased the soluble solid content,solid-acid ratio and sucrose content in the fruits,and especially for late-maturing cultivar Chiyulu,the content of sucrose,fructose and glucose of fruits were significantly higher than that under open-field cultivation.Overall,the contents of total acid and organic acid in fruits of mid-maturing cultivars showed a downward trend after rain-sheltered cultivation,while that of the late- maturing cultivar Chiyulu was the opposite.The rain-sheltered cultivation also increased the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and anthocyanin in the peels,meanwhile,the contents of total phenols and flavonoids of the peels reduced. In addition,the rain-sheltered cultivation also caused the average fruit weight and color parameters of some cultivars to decrease obviously.Therefore,compared with the open-field cultivation,the rain-sheltered cultivation could significantly improve the flavor quality of the peach fruits,but at the same time it also had some adverse effects on the yield and appearance coloring of the fruits to some extent.Rain-sheltered cultivation techniques should be optimized and adjusted in full consideration of cultivar characteristics and specific weather conditions.