人工智能与公共决策融合研究：趋势·风险·实践路径

On the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Public Decision-making:Trend· Risk·Practical Route

人工智能与公共决策的融合发展具有充分而迫切的现实环境和问题语境。文章秉持问题意识,突破政治学、信息学、伦理学、社会学、法学的学科壁垒,研究人工智能与公共决策融合发展的趋势、风险,探索更好的实践路径。人工智能与公共决策的融合,使得其决策依据从小数据走向大数据,决策时效从静态数据走向动态数据,决策方式从经验决策走向算法决策,决策参与从单一管制走向民主科学。而人工智能与公共决策融合发展过程中可能遭遇的风险也主要表现在四个方面:决策依据方面的先天不足与智能偏见,决策时效方面的朝令夕改与不稳定性,决策方法方面的权力让渡与数据暴力,决策参与方面的数字腐败与权力寻租。人工智能与公共决策融合发展的实践路径,简要概括就是围绕一个核心关切——公平与正义,朝着两个努力方向——借鉴与贡献,抓好三个关键环节——厘清边界、法律规约、构筑平衡。人工智能与公共决策的融合,不论是其技术问题,抑或是其伦理困惑,又或是其秩序重建,均具有明显的开放性与未完成性。在此现实语境和问题语境下,中国应该秉持大国思维与担当,对这些问题做出更为主动积极的回应,为世界人工智能技术介入社会治理贡献中国智慧。

The integration of artificial intelligence and public decision-making is in the full and urgent practical environment and issue context. With problem consciousness, it breaks through the disciplinary boundaries of political science, informatics, ethics, sociology and law, studies the trends and risks of the integration of artificial intelligence and public decision-making, and explores a better practical route. The integration of artificial intelligence and public decision-making switches the decision-making basis from small data to big data, decision-making timeliness from static data to dynamic data, decision-making methods from empirical to algorithmic decision-making, and decision-making participation from single regulation to democratic science. The risks that may be encountered in the process of the integration of artificial intelligence and public decision-making are mainly reflected in four aspects: congenital deficiency and intelligent prejudice in decision-making basis, frequent changes and instability in decision-making timeliness, power transfer and data violence in decision-making methods, and digital corruption and power-seeking in decision-making participation. The practical route of the integration of artificial intelligence and public decision-making is briefly summarized around a core-fairness and justice, toward two striving directions-learning and contributing, focusing on three key links-clear borders, legal regulations, and balance construction. The integration of artificial intelligence and public decision-making has obvious openness and incompleteness concerning its technical problem, ethical confusion, or order reconstruction. In this realistic and issue context, China should have the thinking mode and take responsibilities as a great power, make a more proactive response to these issues, and contribute Chinese wisdom to the world s artificial intelligence technology involved in social governance.