我国职业教育产教融合制度变迁路径及问题与挑战

The Changing Path, Problems and Challenges of the Integration System of Production and Education in Vocational Education in China

1978年至2018年的40年间,国家先后出台了34项关于“工学结合”“校企合作”“产教融合”的制度,极大地加快了我国职业教育的发展,但在制定上也存在着重宏观性、方向性、提倡性和指导性的倾向,省级中观层面与地市级以下微观层面对职业教育产教融合制度的创新性、有效性和实践性等跟进不足。教育部力图与多部委共同制定职业教育产教融合制度,但事实上仍是教育部在始终如一地推进着职业教育产教融合制度的制定。《职业教育法》制定了政府产教融合、校企合作相关政策,但无论是其强制性,还是规范性、认知性等都不尽如人意。国家对产教融合寄予了空前的厚望,但仍然存在着有待化解的各类挑战。

During the 40 years from 1978 to 2018,the state has issued 34 systems on "work-study integration","school-enterprise cooperation" and "integration of production and education".These systems greatly accelerated the development of vocational education in China,but there is a tendency to emphasize the macro,directional,advocacy and instructive role in the formulation.The innovation,effectiveness,and practicality of the integration system of vocational education at the provincial middle level and the local micro level were insufficient.The Ministry of Education tries to formulate the integration system of production and education together with multiple ministries,but in fact,it is still only the Ministry of Education consistently promotes the formulation of the integration system of production and education.The Vocational Education Law has formulated government policies related to the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation,but it is not satisfactory whether it is mandatory,normative or cognitive.The state has placed unprecedented hopes on the integration of production and education,but there are still various challenges to be resolved.etc.