对相容论操控难题的分析

Analysis of the Manipulation Problem in Compatibilism

20世纪现代物理科学的发展,出现了决定论对自由意志和道德责任的挑战。相容论者认为,即使决定论为真,自由意志也可与其兼容。相容论主张,当一个行为真正出自行为者时,行为者对该行为负道德责任。然而,不相容论者提出了操控难题,即被外在操控的对象也可满足“自我性”条件,此时被操控的人或机器人是否有道德责任?这个难题不仅是相容论目前面临的重大挑战,而且对司法判定也有重要影响,因为存在类似的现实操控案例。因此,解决难题的关键就是要深入分析何为操控难题,阐明相关操控条件和因素,才能为相容论的辩护提供有力条件。

With the development of modern physical science in the 20th century, Determinism challenges free will and moral responsibility. Compatibilists argue that even if Determinism is true, free will can be compatible with it. The compatibilist holds that when a behavior is truly from the actor, the actor is morally responsible for the action. However, incompatibilists raise the manipulation problem, that is, objects manipulated externally can also satisfy the self conditions. In this way, is the person or robot being manipulated still morally responsible? This conundrum is not only a major challenge to compatibility theory, but also has important implications for judicial decisions, as there are similar real-life manipulation cases. Therefore, the key way to solve the problem is to deeply analyze what the manipulation problem is and clarify the relevant manipulation conditions and factors, so as to provide powerful conditions for the defense of the compatibility theory.