新型城镇化下农民工返乡意愿的影响因素研究——以阜阳市为例

Factors Influencing Rural Migrant Workers’ Willingness to Return to Hometown under Background of New Urbanization: Taking Fuyang City as an Example

新型城镇化背景下,引导外出务工农民工返乡就业创业,促进地方经济发展是各级政府面对的现实问题。影响阜阳市农民工返乡意愿的影响因素既有就业机会减少、生活适应困难的打工地推力因素;也有家庭和同乡组织的影响,流出地的经济状况、教育水平、就业创业政策等拉力因素。建议阜阳市政府从弱化推力因素(积极扶持乡镇企业,创造更多就业岗位;推进农业现代化,增加务工农民的收入;开展职业技能培训,提高返乡农民工就业能力)和强化拉力因素(充分发挥本地资源优势,大力发展特色产业;加大返乡政策扶持力度,搭建就业创业平台;加强农村基础设施建设,营造返乡就业环境)两方面提高农民工返乡意愿。

Under the background of new urbanization, it is a realistic problem faced by governments at all levels to guide rural migrant workers to return to hometown for employment and starting up business, and to promote local economic development. In Fuyang city, the factors influencing rural migrant workers’ willingness to return to hometown include not only some push factors related to the place where they work, such as reduction in working opportunities and difficulties in adapting to new life, but also some pull factors, such as influence from their family and townsmen associations, and economic situation, educational background, support policies for employment and starting up business of their hometown. It is necessary for Fuyang municipal government to arouse the workers’ willingness to return to hometown from two aspects, weakening the influence of push factors and improving the effect of pull factors. The former aspect can be realized through actively supporting township enterprises, promoting agricultural modernization, and carrying out vocational skills training to create more jobs, increase their incomes and improve their employability. And the latter aspect through giving full play to the advantages of local resources, increasing policy support for returning to hometown, and reinforcing the construction of rural infrastructure to vigorously develop industries with distinctive features, build platforms for employment and starting up business, and create a good environment for them to return to find jobs.