热力学第一定律的相对性原理

The Principle of Relativity of the First Law of Thermodynamics

在不同的惯性系看来热力学系统的能量可以不同,对外做功也可以不同,但热力学第一定律都成立。这就是热力学第一定律的相对性原理。利用这一原理,文章成功地解析了如下难题——包有绝热材料的运动容器逐渐减速停下,容器中的气体温度会升高吗?结论是不会的,温度将保持不变。另外,对于气体向真空的自由膨胀,人们通常选参照系相对于容器静止(设此参照系为惯性系),得出的结论是理想气体向真空自由膨胀温度不变。如果参照系相对于容器做匀速直线运动(此参照系也是惯性系),如何说明原结论仍成立,文章也有精彩的论述。

The energy and work of the thermodynamic system can be different in different inertial systems,but the first law of thermodynamics holds.This is the relativity principle of the first law of thermodynamics.Using this principle, we has successfully resolved the following problem,the moving container with Adiabatic Materials decelerated and stopped gradually,and will the temperature of the gas in the container rise? The conclusion is that the temperature will remain unchanged.In addition,for the free expansion of the gas to the vacuum,people usually choose the reference system to be stationary relative to the container (set this reference system as the inertial system),and the conclusion is that the ideal gas is free from the vacuum expansion temperature.If the reference frame moves in a uniform straight line relative to the container (this reference frame is also an inertial frame),how to explain the original conclusion is still valid is also discussed in this paper.