晚期肿瘤患者的灵性关爱

Spiritual Care Service for the Terminal Cancer Patients

灵性就是精神,灵性需求是人与生俱来的本能;灵性与人的躯体、心理和社会因素构成了全人的概念。灵性痛苦广泛存在于人群中,灵性痛苦的识别、评估与照顾离不开同理心的运用,晚期肿瘤患者存在诸多灵性痛苦,需要从事姑息缓和医疗的专业团队给予重视,并有针对性地提供灵性关爱及相关支持。姑息缓和医疗倡导“全人、全家、全程、全队”的“四全照顾”服务模式,灵性关爱就是其中“全人照顾”的重要内容;同时,灵性关爱一定要结合患者的躯体、心理以及社会照顾才能发挥更有效的作用。对于晚期肿瘤患者来说,灵性关爱更是要在“四全照顾”的服务模式框架内才能更好地发挥作用,有效地服务患者。

Spirituality refers to the mental status/character in common language. Spiritual needs are instinct needs of human being since born. Spiritual factors together with physical, mental and psychological factors compose four important healthy aspects of human beings. Spiritual distress widely exists among general population and empathy should be used during identification, evaluation as well as care giving to spiritual distress. Terminal cancer patients are people who suffer various kinds of spiritual distresses which need to be addressed and special attentions need to be paid by providing spiritual care and relevant supports from professional palliative care and hospice care teams. Palliative care and hospice care propose "holistic palliative care" that emphasizes "four wholes": the whole person, the whole family, through the whole course of illness, provided by the whole medical team. Spiritual care is an important part of holistic palliative care and it will be more effective if combined with physical, psychological and social care of the patients. Only under the service frame of holistic palliative care, can spiritual care effectively serve the terminal cancer patients.