合成生物学的伦理和治理问题

Ethical and Governance Issues in Synthetic Biology

合成生物学的伦理问题包括:概念性伦理问题,这涉及合成生物学的正当性问题;物理性的伦理问题,主要涉及生物安全和安保问题;与对人的尊重和公正有关的非物理性伦理问题以及合成生物学中的不确定性问题。合成生物学的治理问题包括:治理与监管关系;合成生物学创新、研发和应用的径路;以及合成生物学治理中若干重要问题,如监管和外部监管的必要、现有监管机制对合成生物学的监管是否充分、对不确定性的监管以及对专利制度的改革等。

The ethical issues in synthetic biology include the conceptual ethical issues which are related with the legitimacy of synthetic biology;physical ethical issues which involve biosafety and biosecurity;non-physical ethical issues which involve with the respect for person and justice and finally issues of uncertainty. The governance in synthetic biology include the relationship between governance and regulation, the approaches to the innovation, R&D and applications of synthetic biology, and several other issues, such as the necessity of regulation and external regulation, inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanism, the regulations for uncertainty and the reform of patenting system.