从补偿性公平到多样性倡导:我国少数民族高考优惠政策的价值反思与重构

From Compensatory Fairness to Diversity Advocacy: The Value Reflection and Reconstruction on the Preferential Policy of College Entrance Examination for Ethnic Minorities in China

高等教育具有促进社会流动、培养合格公民、传承民族文化的重要功能。在多民族国家里,保障少数民族高等教育的入学机会是一项基本公共政策。作为一项公共政策,我国少数民族高考优惠政策从政策主体的价值诉求来看,主要是促进教育公平,加快少数民族高等教育发展,这一补偿性公平的民族教育政策在一定历史时期内发挥了积极作用。但是,在进入新时代中国特色社会主义建设时期之后,由于教育发展与社会转型,社会的主要矛盾发生了变化,这一价值导向应该向多样性倡导的方向转变。

Higher education has the important function of promoting social mobility, cultivating qualified citizens and inheriting traditional culture. It is a basic public policy in multi-ethnic countries to guarantee college admission opportunities for ethnic minorities. As a public policy, the preferential policy of national college entrance examination for ethnic minorities in China mainly promotes education fairness and speeds up the development of minority higher education from the perspective of the policy subject's value appeal. This compensatory fairness policy has played a positive role in a certain historical period. However, after entering the new era of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics, due to education's development and social transformation, major social contradictions have changed and this value orientation should thus be changed towards the diversity advocacy.