美国政府NIST大数据互操作性框架的特点研究及启示

Characteristics of NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework and Its Enlightenment

[目的/意义]对美国政府大数据互操作性框架提出的背景、具体内容和主要特点进行分析与总结,以期为我国制定大数据参考框架、促进跨界合作提供有益的参考。[方法/过程]以内容分析法和文本分析法为主要研究方法,以从美国NIST官网获得的公开政策、研究报告等作为主要数据来源,从数据层、框架层、角色层和应用层等方面分析总结美国大数据参考框架的特点。[结果/结论]分析发现:NIST构建了一个具有较强参考性与适用性的大数据概念框架,着重体现了大数据范式的前后变化并鼓励挖掘大数据应用的可能性。启示我国政府在制定大数据参考框架时,应当在理论层面达成共识的前提下,关注可参考价值与利益相关者的开发需求,同时在需求与价值之间构建起映射关系。

[Purpose/Significance]Through the analysis on the background and content of NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework,the main characteristics were summarized to provide beneficial advice for the big data development in China.[Method/Process]With the methods of content analysis and text analysis,from the aspects of data layer,frame layer,role layer,and application layer,the analysis and summary on NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework were made based on the data of public policy and research report mainly collected from the NIST official websites.[Result/Conclusion]It is found that NIST established a comparatively perfect reference framework,and emphasis on the changes in the big data paradigm and encourage the possibility of big data applications.When formulating the big data reference framework,China can pay attention to the reference value and the development needs of stakeholders under the premise of reaching a consensus on the theoretical level,and build a mapping relationship between demand and value.