优秀室内短距离田径项目运动员起跑反应时与运动成绩的关系研究

The Study on the Relationship between Elite Athletes’ Start Reaction Time and Sport Performance in Indoor Short Distance Running

在短距离径赛项目中,快速起跑反应能力是运动员专项运动能力的重要构成要素,与运动员的运动成绩有密切关系。研究以2012-2018年的4届世界室内田径锦标赛60 m和60 m栏项目优秀运动员的起跑反应时与运动成绩为例,分析不同项目运动员起跑反应时的变化规律、性别差异以及起跑反应时与运动成绩的关系。研究结果表明,(1)优秀室内短距离田径项目运动员起跑反应时的性别差异仅体现在部分项目的特定比赛阶段,不具有普遍性;(2)优秀室内短距离田径项目运动员起跑反应时的差异主要体现在预赛和半决赛阶段,而决赛阶段的差异则不具有显著性;(3)优秀室内短距离田径项目运动员的起跑反应时与运动成绩之间具有中度到高度的显著性正相关,起跑反应时越短,运动成绩越好。

Rapid reaction ability is an important component of track athletes, and has close correlation with their sport performance. This study collected the elite athletes'reaction time and their sport performance in 60 m and 60 m hurdles from the four World Indoor Championships from 2012 to 2018 to examine the law of change, gender difference and the relationship between reaction time and sport performance. The results suggest that:(1) the gender difference in start reaction time only appears at certain stages of some events, and not in all the events;(2) the difference in start reaction time mainly exists in the first round and semi - final stage of the match, but not in the final stage;(3) there is moderate to high significant positive correlation between start reaction time and sport performance in 60 m and 60 m hurdles.