男大学生有氧能力/心肺适能的跑步测评方式验证与比较

Verification and Comparison of Running Assessment Methods for Male University Students’ Aerobic Capacity/Cardiorespiratory Fitness

目的:验证《国家学生体质健康标准》中男大学生1 000 m跑与有氧能力/心肺适能的关系,以便选择更可行和更有效的健康测评办法和促进策略。方法:招募男大学生45名,分别进行实验室■O2max直接测试以及田径场1 000 m计时跑、3 000 m计时跑、12 min计程跑间接测试■O2max。运用一元线性回归方程、多元线性回归方程检验1 000 m跑与■O2max的关系强度;采用随机森林算法比较3种间接测试方法反映■O2max的程度强弱及其排序。结果:(1)1 000 m跑作为一元自变量可解释■O2max.kg^-1.min^-1总变异的39.7%,■O2max.min^-1的总变异的29.9%;(2)包括《标准》中其他自变量组成的多元线性回归方程可解释■O2max.kg^-1.min^-1总变异的47.6%,■O2max.min^-1的总变异的44%;(3)3者比较,12 min跑和3 000 m跑间接测评男大学生的最大摄氧量更为有效。结论:《国家学生体质健康标准》中用以测评男大学生有氧能力/心肺适能的1 000 m跑和相关测试内容的效度一般。12 min跑和3 000 m跑较现行的1 000 m跑能更好地测评男大学生的有氧能力/心肺适能。建议面向男大学生的大学体育课程设置和课外锻炼的健康促进干预方面采用12 min跑或3 000 m跑,测评采用更为准确和便捷的12 min计程跑或2 400 m计时跑。

Objective:To verify the relationship between male university students'1000m running and aerobic AC/ CRF in the National Student Physical Health Standards (NSPHS). Methods: 45 male university student volunteers were chosen to attend ■O2max test directly in laboratory, and 1000 m time running , 3000 m time running, and 12 min running in track and field before receiving ■O2max test indirectly. Linear regression equation and multiple linear regression equation were applied to test the relationship between 1000m running and ■O2max;Random Forest Algorithm was used to compare the degree and ranking of three indirect test methods in reflecting ■ O2max . Results:(1) As a one - way independent variable,1000m running can explain 39. 7% of the total variation of ■O2max . kg^-1 . min^-1 , and 29. 9% of the total variation of ■O2max . kg^-1 . min^-1;(2) Multiple linear regression equations including the other independent variables in NSPHS can explain 47. 6% of the total variation of■O2max . kg^-1 . min^-1 , and 44% of the total variation of ■O2max . kg^-1 . min^-1 .(3) Among the 3 test methods, indirect tests based on 12 min running and 3000 m running are more effective in evaluating the ■O2max of male university students. Conclusion: The validity of 1000m running and related tests in NSPHS in evaluating the AC/ CRF of male university students is not very effective. 12 min running and 3000m running can better measure the aerobic AC/ CRF of male university students. It is recommended to use 12 min running or 3000m running for male university students'health promotion intervention in their physical education curriculum and extracurricular exercise. 12 min running or 2400m running are more accurate and convenient assessment methods.