清代华北儒医的形象与社区角色——以地方志记载为中心

The Images and Community Roles of Confucian Physicians in Northern China During the Qing Dynasty——Case Studies Based on Local Records Recordings

清代政府在县以下的基层社会医疗体系建设中并未承担主要职责,这为儒医在社区生活中发挥作用提供了空间。儒医在承担济世救人角色的同时,也是如慈善、修桥铺路、义学书院、水利工程等地方公共事务的有力参与者、支持者和推动者。医疗技艺、医患互动和行医的道德资源,使儒医能够参与组织多方面的社区公共事务,并因此获得在基层社会中的特殊身份地位,从而与依靠功名、财富和德行及宗族等社会资源的乡绅,共同成为在基层社会发挥影响力的重要群体。

Qing Dynasty governments did not undertake major responsibility in the eonstruction of grassroot soeial medieal eare system below the county level, and thus provided space for Confucian physicians to place their roles in community life. Confucian physicians, while playing the role of saving people’s lives, were also active participants, supporters, and facilitators of local public affairs such as charitable activities, bridge buildings and road constructions, free schools and academies of classical learnings, and irrigation projects. Medical techniques, interactions with patients, and moral resources front practising medicine enabled Confucian physicians to organize and participate in many sorts of community public affairs, and consequently obtained special status and position in grassroot society, and became an important social group that had influences on grassroot society together with the local gentry' that relied on social resources such as success in Imperial Examinations, wealth, moral integrity, and kinship of family clans.