清中叶陕西底层民众的生命、生计与生活——基于嘉庆朝内阁刑科题本与方志的互证性研究

The Lives, Livelihood, and Life of People at the Bottom of Society in Shaanxi During Mid-Qing Dynasty——Intertextuality Research Based on Cabinet Criminal Cases Archives and Local Records During the Reign of Emperor Jiaqing

清代内阁刑科题本对底层民众的社会经济生活有着丰富的记载,是难得的社会史、生活史资料。通过对嘉庆朝内阁刑科题本中陕西案发当事人交代的家庭人口、年龄、子女、婚育等描述性资料做统计性分析,呈现清中叶陕西底层民众的家庭规模、婚育状况、生命形态等基本样态;结合对刑科题本中案发人的生计的考察,与地方志进行互证性比对研究,揭示清中叶陕西不同区域底层民众的衣着、饮食、居住、交通等生存面相,并思考地域日常生活史研究的新趋向。

Qing Dynasty cabinet criminal cases archives have abundant records on the social and economic life of people at the bottom of society, and serve as rare references on social history and life history. Through statistical analysis of descriptive references of household population, age, children, and marriage and birth status from parties involved in criminal eases in Shaanxi as recorded in cabinet criminal cases archives during the Reign of Emperor Jiaqing, we attempt to put on display the basic shapes of household size, marital and birth status, and livelihood of people at the bottom of society in Shaanxi during the mid-Qing Dynast}’. In combination with survey over the livelihood of who involved in criminal cases as recorded in cabinet archives, and intertextuality research with local records, we attempt to reveal the existence conditions of people at the bottom of society in different regions of Shaanxi during the mid-Qing Dynasty, in terms of clothing, food, residence, and transportation, and think about new trends in historical research on everyday life of a certain locality.