兰州市成人支气管哮喘特点及相关危险因素的调查研究

Survey on the Characteristics and Associated Risk Factors of Adult Asthma in Lanzhou

目的探讨兰州市成人支气管哮喘的特点及危险因素,以便临床采取有效的干预措施,降低其发病率和复发率。方法采取病例对照的研究方法,选取2017年1—12月在兰州市第二人民医院呼吸科诊治的哮喘患者为研究对象,按年龄、性别对两组患者进行1∶1配对,采取问卷形式进行调查,对所有研究因素进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,筛选出与哮喘相关的危险因素。结果单因素logistic回归分析结果显示:一级、二级亲属患过支气管哮喘,慢性支气管炎,过敏性鼻炎,有药物、食物或粉尘等过敏史,吸烟>10天/支,饲养小动物,染发和室内花草,均为支气管哮喘的危险因素;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄,性别,一级、二级亲属发生支气管哮喘和花草经常放在室内或室外均为支气管哮喘的独立危险因素。结论影响兰州市成人哮喘发病相关的危险因素较多,而且哮喘患者对该疾病的认知、自我监管知识均较为欠缺,今后需要进一步加大力度开展哮喘知识的科普教育,避免哮喘的诱发因素,从而降低哮喘的发病率和病死率。

OBJECTIVE To explore the correlative causes of bronchial asthma in Lanzhou,and to provide evidence for preventing bronchi al asthma,so as to shed light on the clinic practice. METHODS It adopted group case-control method and questionnaire survey to analyze the correlative causes of bronchial asthma. The patients with or without asthma in the Respiratory Department of the Second People’s Hospital of Lanzhou were analyzed by the matched case-control study according to the age and sex. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation of risk factors. RESULTS The results of single-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated the family history of asthma,chronic bronchitis,allergic diseases,smoking,pet raising,hair dyeing,planting had statistic influence on bronchial asth ma. The results of multiple-factor Logistic regression analysis indicate age,gender,the family history of asthma,planting at home or outside had statistic influence on bronchial asthma. CONCLUSION There were a lot of risk factors which affected adult asthma in Lan zhou. The awareness of bronchial asthma and the self-regulation were low among the patients. It needed to pay attention to the health edu cation,avoid the risk factors may be the effective method to reduce morbidity and fatality.