正常老化脑的语言加工及其自适应机制

Language Processing and Its Adaptive Mechanism of Normal Aging Brain

正常老化中,语言能力既表现出一个逐渐丧失的过程,也表现出一种对丧失的适应过程。神经科学研究表明,老化脑的增龄性神经变化不仅反映了老年人的特定语言加工障碍,而且反映了大脑试图利用不同模式的神经重组和策略以使语言功能维持在一定的水平,即一种优化自身功能的自适应机制。研究者们提出了多种假说来解释老化脑认知加工的自适应机制,语言作为人类的一种高级认知能力,其加工也反映了大脑这种优化重组的自我调节能力。越来越多的研究结果显示,大脑自适应可能并不是简单地遵循某种特定模式,而是在多种因素作用下呈现出动态的灵活调节模式。未来亟待一个整合的理论从神经化学、解剖和行为学等不同角度进行解释。

In normal aging,language abilities not only show a gradual process of loss,but also show a kind of adaptation to the loss.Studies on neuroscience have indicated that neural changes in aging brain not only reflect the specific language processing disorders in the elderly,but also reflect that the brain uses different patterns of neural reorganization and strategies to try to maintain the function of language at a certain level,which is an adaptive mechanism to optimize its function.Language is an advanced human cognitive ability,so language processing reflects the self-regulating ability of the brain of this optimization reorganization.More and more studies indicate that the self-adaption of aging brain in language processing is not simply to follow a specific pattern,but to show a dynamic adjustment model affected by a variety of factors.In the future,an integrated theory is required for an interpretation at different levels in terms of neurochemistry,anatomical and behavioral sciences.