京新高速公路哈腾套海保护区段野生动物通道监测研究

Monitoring of Wildlife Crossings in Section of Hatengtaohai Nature Reserve Along Beijing-Xinjiang Expressway

2017年10月—2018年7月,利用8台红外相机对京新高速公路哈腾套海国家级自然保护区段路域野生动物对通道利用情况及活动规律进行监测和分析。结果表明:(1)仅赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)和蒙古兔(Lepus capensis)两种兽类利用动物通道穿越公路,赤狐的物种相对丰富度为24%,蒙古兔的物种相对丰富度为76%。(2)赤狐在10月和11月对动物通道的利用率较高;蒙古兔在5月和6月对动物通道的利用率较高。(3)赤狐和蒙古兔利用动物通道迁移的日活动规律呈双峰型。赤狐的活动高峰出现在1:00—4:00、 6:00 —7:00和19:00—21:00;蒙古兔日活动高峰期出现在6:00—10:00和 18:00 —20:00。(4)蒙古兔和赤狐均能利用桥梁和涵洞动物通道进行迁移。在此基础上,提出道路建设的不同阶段的动物保护措施和动物通道设计。

From October 2017 to July 2018,infrared cameras were installed to monitor wildlife movements and activities of wildlife along the Beijing-Xinjiang Expressway in the section of Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve.The results showed that Vulpes vulpes and Lepus capensis were recorded passing the wildlife crossings.The relative abundances of V.vulpes and L.capensis were 24% and 76%,respectively.The utilization rate of wildlife crossings by V.vulpes was higher in October and November,while the utilization rate for L.capensis was higher in May and June. V.vulpes and L.capensis showed a bimodal activity pattern. V.vulpes showed three peaks at 1:00 -4:00,6:00-7:00 and 19:00-21:00. L.capensis was mainly diurnal,with activity peaks at 6:00-10:00 and 18:00-20:00.Both V.vulpes and L.capensis used bridges and culverts as wildlife crossings during migration.Based on this study,suggestions for protection of wildlife and corridor design during road construction are proposed.