《史记正义》“代王耳”史事发覆

An Exploratory Study of “King of Dai Called Er” in Rectification to Historical Records

项羽、刘邦先后册封张耳为常山王、赵王,素为人所知。通过解读张守节《史记正义》记载的“代王耳时都中都”与功臣张苍的仕宦履历,我们认为汉三年六月至汉四年十一月刘邦分封有代国,“代王耳”应该是代王张耳的省称。张耳代国辖有太原、云中、雁门、代四郡之地,郦食其三年秋季的献策内容亦证实太行山以北有王国。张耳似乎没有前往封地,而是让代相张苍坚守代国,与燕国一起担负抵御匈奴与藩屏汉朝的重任。随着张耳徙封赵王,代国亦废。后来代王刘恒和刘武定都中都,乃是承袭张耳故事。

It is known to all that Xiang Yu and Liu Bang conferred Zhang Er as the king of Changshan and Zhao.Through interpreting the words that “king of Dai kingdom called Er selecting Zhongdu as the capital” and Zhang Cang’s official experience in Rectification to Historical Records,we think that Liu Bang had Dai kingdom from July (the third year of Han) to November (the fourth year of Han),“king of Dai kingdom called Er” should be abbreviated appellation of “king of Dai kingdom called Zhang Er”.His kingdom included Taiyuan,Yunzhong,Yanmen,Dai,and the tricks of Li Yiji put forward in autumn of third year of Han also proved that kingdom existed in north of the Taihang mountains.Zhang Er seemed not to go to his kingdom,and later Zhang Cang was guarded kingdom as prime minister and took the responsibility of defending Huns and protecting Han Dynasty.As Zhang Er was conferred as king of Zhao,Dai kingdom was abolished.The fact that Kings of Dai kingdom called Liu Heng and Liu Wu chose Zhongdu as their capital and inherited the story of Zhang Er.