《史记·夏本纪》隐喻探析

Metaphorical Analysis of Basic Annals of Xia in Historical Records

司马迁在《史记》中不光述写历史,他还善于总结中华民族有史以来的传统美德,并希望能用他的《史记》将其发扬光大,《史记·夏本纪》就有这样鲜明的特点。在对夏禹身上所体现出来的德、能、勤、绩、俭等方面进行挖掘和表现时,司马迁并没有采用直抒胸臆或概括性的抽象语言进行总结,而是采用隐喻的叙述方式或铺设隐喻情境,通过最为简洁拟或是事物罗列、自然流露、转移话题等方式予以表述,从而实现了隐喻性的叙述。

In the book Historical Records,Sima Qian not only describes the history,but also is good at summarizing the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation in the history with the hope to carry them forward with this book.Basic Annals of Xia in Historical Records has such a distinctive feature.Upon the morality,ability,work,performance,thrifty and the expression of Yu,the emperor of Xia Dynasty,and Sima Qian has not generalized them directly with abstract language,instead he employs narrative metaphor to lay the metaphorical situation,such as the most concise fitting or things listed,natural expression with the topics changed,and eventually realizes the metaphorical description.