健身气功改善农村留守女中学生焦虑、抑郁和自尊的调查研究

On Influence of Physical Activityon Anxiety, Depression and Self-Esteem of Left-Behind Women in Rural Areas

目的:探讨传统养生项目健身气功锻炼对农村留守女中学生焦虑、抑郁和自尊水平的影响,为促进留守儿童健康成长提供依据.方法:采取系统抽样法,选择重庆农村留守女初中生1286名为研究对象,借助Spielberger的焦虑量表(SAI),Zung的抑郁自评量表(SDS)和Rosenberg的自尊测试量表(SEI)对学生进行健身气功锻炼前后心理状况进行测试对比分析.数据统计分析采用SPSS16.0进行独立样本t检验和方差分析.结果:农村留守女中学生对自己生活不满意的达79.5%,从不满意的14.7%.处于焦虑水平的留守女中学生比例达66.6%,实验组焦虑、对照组焦虑与全国常模差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01).抑郁的学生比例达61.3%,实验组、对照组抑郁与全国常模差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01).62.2%留守女中学生具有较低的自尊,实验组、对照组自尊与全国常模差异具有统计学意义(p<0.01).经过健身气功锻炼后,实验组比对照组显示出更低的焦虑水平,t为-7.892,p<0.01;与对照组相比,实验组有更低的抑郁水平,t值为-8.814,p<0.01;实验组比对照组有更高的自尊,t值为9.649,p<0.01.结论:健身气功对农村留守女中学生具有良好的焦虑、抑郁和自尊预测作用,具有积极的身心健康促进价值,全面深化落实农村学校体育教育,进一步改善和促进留守女中学生的身心健康.

To explore the influence of physical and mental health and the level of anxiety,depression and self-esteem of left-behind women in rural areas,and to provide a basis for promoting the healthy growth of left-behind children,stratified cluster sampling has been usedto select 1286 rural left-behind female junior high school students,through Spielberger anxiety scale (SAI),the Zung depression self rating scale (SDS) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SEI) undertake to the student health qigong exercise psychological status before and after the test.Data statistical analysis has been conducted using SPSS16.0 for independent sample t test and variance analysis.Resultsshow that the students in the rural left-behind women were dissatisfied with their lives,79.5% and unsatisfied 14.7%.The proportion of left-behind women in anxiety levels reached 66.6 percent,and 24 percent were anxious.The proportion of depressed students was 61.3 percent and 5.5 percent was depressed.22.2% of the left-behind women have low self-esteem.After the aerobic exercise,the experimental group showed lower anxiety levels than the control group,with t of -7.892,p < 0.01;Compared with the control group,the experimental group had lower depression level,and the t value was -8.814,p < 0.01;The experimental group had higher self-esteem than the control group,with a t value of 9.649,p < 0.01.Conclusion: the health qigong for rural left-behind female students with good anxiety,depression and self-esteem prediction effect,has a positive value of the physical and mental health promotion,comprehensively deepen the implementation of rural school sports education,further improve the left-behind children's physical and mental health development.