论光速原理的公理化逻辑分析

On the Axiomatic Logic Analysis for the Principle of Light Speed(Ⅱ)

基于物质、质点和物体等概念的共性,提出了质量体的概念。质量体数值的大小可以是有限,也可以是无穷大或者无穷小。光子是以光速运动的质量体。指出静止质量是一个有问题的概念,光子的静止质量等于零是一个假命题。讨论了原始概念的可操作性、可测量性和可想像性。详细介绍了从质量、长度和时间这三个原始概念出发,综合运用数学、物理和逻辑方法,导出光速原理的公理化分析过程。光速原理在数学上可以表述为:宇宙总能量和宇宙总质量比值的平方根等于光速。在没有引力或者引力影响可以忽略不计的条件下光速不变。介绍了从光速原理衍生出来的一系列性质,例如,光速的绝对性、宇宙起始于一个初始光子的分裂、宇宙能量守恒等等,这些性质描述了光子的本性。压缩宇宙的思想实验否定以太的存在。指出了狭义相对论质量-速度关系式的不适用性。这种不适用性将直接影响到以狭义相对论和万有引力理论为基础的广义相对论。指出了超光速的不可能性。基于广义相对论和超光速的曲率引擎是一个假命题。指出中微子源于宇宙中具有同样运动速度的质量体(例如,类星体)的分裂。介绍了宇宙演化的光速→非光速循环模型。介绍了一种推导光速原理的新方法。如果不能否定光速原理,那么由它衍生形成的一系列推论将否定、修正、补充或者发展以牛顿、麦克斯韦、爱因斯坦等人为代表的一批物理学家提出的原有概念和理论。光速原理的提出或许是第三次科学革命。

Based on the commonness of the concepts of matter, particle and object, the concept of mass body is proposed. The numerical value of mass body can be of finite number, infinite or infinitesimal. Photons are mass bodies moving at light speed. It is pointed that the rest mass is a problematic concept, and it is a false proposition that the rest mass of photon equals zero. The operability, the measurability and the conceivability of the primitive concept are discussed. Starting from three primitive concepts of quality, length and time, and using of mathematics, physics and logic methods, the axiomatic analysis process of the derivation of the principle of light speed, i.e., the square root of the ratio of the total universal energy to the total universal mass equals light speed, is presented. In the absence of gravity or negligible gravitational effects, the speed of photons remains unchanged, that is the invariant of light speed. A series of properties derived from the principle of light speed are introduced, such as the absoluteness of light speed, the universe originates from the splitting of an initial photon, the energy conservation of the universe, and so on. These properties describe the nature of photons. The thought experiment of compressing the universe negates the existence of the ether. The non applicability of the mass-speed relation of special relativity is illustrated. This kind of non applicability will directly affect the general relativity which is based on the theory of special relativity and the theory of gravity. The impossibility of faster-than-light speed is presented. So the warp drive based on the general relativity and the faster-than-light speed is a false proposition. It is believed that neutrinos originated from the splitting of mass bodies (for example, the quasars) with the same speed in the universe. A cycle model between light speed and non-light speed is introduced for the evolution of the universe. A new method to derive the principle of light speed is introduced. If the principle of light speed cannot be negated, then a series of inferences derived from it will negate, revise, supplement or develop the original concepts and theories which proposed by a group of physicists such as Newton, Maxwell and Einstein. The proposal of principle of light speed may be the third scientific revolution.