从防御到进攻:日本农业支持政策转型对中国未来选择的启示

From Defensive to Offensive:Enlightenment of Japan’s Agricultural Support Policy Transformation to China’s Future Choice

"进攻是最好的防御",这对农业支持同样适用.在防御性高度保护下,日本农业竞争力弱化.近年来,日本政府认识到增强农业自身竞争力,使其具备强大的进攻能力,是对农业最好的支持.在该理念指引下,围绕增强农业竞争力的核心目标,日本颁布或修订了多部政策法规,形成了由《农林水产地区活力创造计划》和《食物·农业·农村基本法》为框架的农业支持政策体系.本文分析了日本农业支持理念从防御转向进攻的缘起,梳理了其构建的旨在增强农业竞争力的政策体系.结合我国当前农业竞争力弱化和农业支持增产导向的现状,凝练出日本经验对我国农业支持政策向竞争力导向转型的启示:加快"防御"到"进攻"的农业支持理念的转变;强化基础条件,提高生产能力;降低生产成本,提高附加值;开拓国际国内两个市场;激发农村活力,推动乡村振兴.

" Offensive is the best defense", this applies equally to the concept of agricultural support. Under the defensive high level of protection, the competitiveness of Japanese agriculture continues to weaken. The Japanese government recognizes that enhancing agricultural competitiveness so that it has the ability to win is the best support for agriculture. Guided by this guiding ideology, Japan has promulgated or revised a number of policies and regulations concerning farmers, lands, organizations and production relations, and has formed a new agricultural support policy system. This paper deeply analyzes the origin of the guiding ideology of Japan' s agricultural support policy from defensive to offensive and sorts out the policy system. Combining with the current agricultural production support policy system and the weakening of the competitiveness of China, this paper concise the enlightenment of Japanese experience:Accelerate the transformation of the guiding ideology of agricultural support from "defensive" to "offensive";Strengthen the basic conditions of agriculture to increase the agricultural production capacity;reduce the cost of agricultural production to increase the added value of agricultural products;Take multiple measures to open up two markets at home and abroad;Develop rural vitality and promote rural revitalization.