关于《苍颉篇》第一章的复原

A study on the restoration of the first chapter of the Cangjiepian (苍颉篇)

秦汉字书《苍颉篇》全本早已亡佚,出土简牍为其复原提供了新的契机。本文利用居延汉简、水泉子汉简、英国国家图书馆藏斯坦因所获未刊简牍等材料,通过辨析前人说法、释读疑难字和训解相关词义、文义,对《苍颉篇》第一章的文句进行复原,补缀“疾材过人”四字。通过本文的讨论,四言本《苍颉篇》的第一章得以全部复原,七言本《苍颉篇》的第一章也基本补充完整。

The full text of Cangjiepian (苍颉篇), an important wordbook in the Qin and Han dynasties, has been lost for a long time. However, unearthed bamboo and wood slips provide an opportunity to restore the textbook. This paper studies the Han bamboo and wood slips unearthed in Juyan (居延) and Shuiquanzi (水泉子) together with the unpublished ones collected by Marc Aurel Stein kept in the British Library. It analyzes the results of earlier researches, identifies and interprets the complicated Chinese characters and their relevant words and expressions, and eventually restores the complete first chapter of the Cangjiepian in four-character style and the most part of the first chapter of the Cangjiepian in seven-character style. Four characters, the “ Ji (疾)”,“ Cai (材)”,“ Guo (过)” and “ Ren (人)”, are also added to the first chapter of the Cangjiepian.