土地资源配置和经济发展质量——工业用地成本与全要素生产率

Land Resource Allocation and Economic Development Quality: Industrial Land Price and Total Factor Productivity

在经济发展质量提升和土地资源约束日益加大的新形势下,如何通过政策引导实现资源配置优化、发展质量提升是当前学术界与政策层关注和争论的焦点问题之一。本文以Melitz(2003)的生产率异质性企业市场退出模型为基础,使用2000—2007年中国工业企业数据库的企业微观数据和《中国城市统计年鉴》的城市层面数据,计算微观企业的全要素生产率,考察了工业用地价格对企业全要素生产率的影响及其相关作用机制。研究表明,工业用地价格的上升能够提升全要素生产率,存在选择效应;政府对工业用地价格的负向扭曲会降低本地区企业的全要素生产率。异质性分析表明,选择效应对非国有企业的影响明显大于国有企业,对小企业的影响明显大于大企业;工业用地价格的提升能够通过影响高生产率企业选址继而影响企业全要素生产率,但并不能促进低生产率企业的退出。本文的研究既能对以往普遍存在的“土地引资”政策进行评价,也能对目前推广试行的“亩均论英雄”改革给出政策建议。

Under the new situation of enhancing the quality of economic development and increasing land resource constraints,it is important to understand how to optimize the allocation of resources and improve the quality of economic development through policy guidance.In this paper,we use Melitz(2003)Market withdrawal model of productivity heterogeneity enterprises as the theoretical basis and analyze the relationship between industrial land price and enterprises TFP empirically with data of prefecture-level cities and individual industrial enterprises from 2000 to 2007.The empirical results show that the rise of industrial land price can improve enterprises TFP level,and the selection effect exists.Besides,the government s negative distortion of industrial land price can reduce local enterprises TFP level.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the selection effect works more strongly on non-state-owned enterprises than on state-owned enterprises,and more on small enterprises than on large enterprises.The analysis of intermediary mechanism shows that the increase of industrial land price can affect TFP by affecting the site selection of enterprises with higher TFP level,but it cannot promote the exit of enterprises with lower TFP level.Our conclusions can not only evaluate the once-prevailing“land investment”policy,but also provide policy suggestions to promote the“evaluation based on the yield per mu of land”at present.