试析第一次世界大战后日本教育体制的转向

The Turning of Japanese Educational System after the First World War

第一次世界大战后,日本存在着“教育民主化”“教育自由化”等表象。然而,从教育体制来看,中央及地方教育行政的统制程度均被强化,皇权、军方及经济界开始制度性地干涉教育行政;“皇国主义”教育在教育目的、教育内容两个方面均有所加强;“军国主义”教育被正式地体制化。而教育“民主运动”中秉承“尊皇”宗旨、仅重视方法改革而非制度变革的局限性,决定了它终究无法扭转日本政府的既定政策,其结果便是教育体制的日趋集权化。

After the First World War,there was a phenomenon of ‘Educational Democratization’or ‘Educational Liberalization’in the Japanese society.However,in the aspect of the educational system,the control in both central and local educational administration has been strengthened,the imperial power,the limitary and the economic circles have begun to interfere systematically the educational administration;the education of the‘Emperor nationalism’has been emphasized from both the educational aims and contents;the education of the‘Militarism’has begun to be institutionalized formally.As its limitations such as the submission to the Emperor of Japanese,the focusing on the methods but not on the system itself,the educational democratic movements could not reverse finally the firm policy of the Japanese government,and the result was that the educational system tended to be more centralized.