康熙年间“三道沟事件”与朝鲜的应对

“Sandaogou Case” and the Solutions of Korea during the Kangxi Period

中朝两国国土相连,两国间边民越境事件多有发生,特别是朝鲜边民越境采参问题,是中朝国境地带研究的重要内容。以往学界多将其作为中朝查边勘界的背景进行介绍,缺乏深入研究。通过对清代中朝历史文献的梳理可知,两国的陆防政策、人参贸易的进行以及朝鲜的参贡负担都导致了朝鲜边民越境采参事件禁而不绝。在这一背景下发生的具有代表性的“三道沟事件”,是朝鲜边民越境采参杀伤清朝官役的严重案件,引发交涉。此案过后,朝鲜一方面加强国境地带的防御,革罢府镇,严饬边务;另一方面制定参禁条例,全面禁止人参的采贩。这样的举措导致了朝鲜西北边境地区社会发展缓慢,军事力量薄弱,而禁断人参贸易更使朝鲜的税收下降、商业萧条、国用艰难、民生凋敝。

The border between China and Korea is closely linked, and there are many cross-border cases between the two countries.The issue of Korean border people crossing the border to collect ginseng is an important part of the study of the border areas of China and Korea. In the past, the scholars introduced it as the background of the investigation of border between China and Korea, lacked indepth research. Through combing of the historical materials of China and Korea, I think that the land defense policies of China and Korea, the ginseng trade between China and Korea, and the tribute burden of Korea all resulted in the Korean border people crossing the border to collect ginseng. The representative Sandaogou case that occurred in this background was a serious case in which the Korean border people killed the Qing officials, causing serious negotiations between China and Korea. After the case, on the one hand, the Korea strengthened the defense and management of the border areas bettween China and Korea, and cancelled the "Houzhou Fu". On the other hand, regulations on the prohibition of ginseng were drawn up to ban the harvesting and selling of ginseng. Such actions led to a slow social development in the northwestern border region in Korea, and weaked military power. The ban on ginseng trade further caused reduce of Korea's tax revenue, business depression, and national hardship. The Korean people's livelihood became more difficult.