“雾霾应急的环境法理”之反思

Reflections on“Environmental Jurisprudence of Haze Emergency Response”

政府在雾霾应急中实施的"保护不足"与"过度侵害"行为侵害的法益具有多元性,《陈文》将其限定为私益的观点具有片面性;以公民权利制约雾霾应急权力依然具有生命力,以权力制约雾霾应急权力依然是最有效方式,而司法权力难以制约雾霾应急权力本就是行政紧急权力理论的应有之义,行政紧急权力理论并非立基于单向度的"公民与国家"以及"侵害与救济"关系,《陈文》对该理论的认识存在狭隘性;由于存在对雾霾应急分期的粗糙性、对雾霾预警分级的迟钝性等问题,《陈文》提出的基于国家环境保护义务来评价雾霾应急行为的理论过于牵强;由于混淆了常态行政与应急行政下法院应当具有不同功能的基本原理,《陈文》主张人民法院审查政府雾霾应急行为的观点具有天真性。有效解决"保护不足"与"过度侵害"的途径则是综合运用现行行政紧急权理论中比较成熟的制约机制,同时开发新的制约机制--人民检察院提起雾霾应急行政公益诉讼。

It has been a big project that the academic circles should discuss seriously that how to over the hard nuts of "insufficient protection" and "excessive infringement" caused by some local governments when they deal with the haze. Some scholar has criticized the current administrative emergency power theory and put forward a new analysis framework which based on the theory of the obligation of the state environmental protection to provide new method for understanding the legitimacy of the government haze emergency administration.This paper fully responds to all kind of criticisms raised by the scholar on the currency administrative emergency power theory and expounds the current administrative emergency power theory still can explain the special problems of haze emergency and proves that the new scheme proposed by the scholar have not the strong explanatory ability and is not a feasible solution,at best,it is a kind of "thought test". In order to solve the hard nuts of "insufficient protection" and "excessive infringement", This paper puts forward that we should comprehensive use of the control mechanisms of current administrative emergency power,at the same time, we should develop new restriction mechanism on the basis of the existing legal norms,that is the people’s Procuratorate files haze emergency administrative public interest litigation.