监察追诉时效问题的再思考——兼与刘练军教授商榷

Rethinking on Limitation of Prosecution of Supervision:Discussion with Professor Liu Lianjun

追诉时效具有经过法定期间后公权力不得再对违法犯罪行为进行评价而导致行为人责任消灭的法律效果。监察委员会通过统一的调查程序对职务违法和职务犯罪进行追诉,产生"政务处分"和"移送检察院起诉"两种法律后果。"移送检察院起诉"属于职务犯罪层面的程序性法律后果,直接适用刑法的追诉时效;"政务处分"属于职务违法层面的实体性法律后果,应当设置时效制度,对监察权予以必要限制,以体现法治反腐之实质价值。在即将制定的《政务处分法》中应当规定政务处分时效制度,具体时效宜设置为五年,违法行为在五年内未被发现或不及时处分的,不再给予政务处分。

The essence of limitation of prosecution is the legal consequence that the public power can no longer evaluate the illegal and criminal acts after the legal period, which leads to the extinction of the actor’s liability. Through the investigation procedure of the Supervisory Committee, there will be two kinds of legal consequences: the "administrative sanctions" and the "transfer to the procuratorate for prosecution". The latter consequence is a procedural legal consequence at the level of crime, which prescription is applicable to the prescription of criminal law.The former consequence does not constitute a crime, just is at the level of official illegality, however, there is no statute of prescription for administrative sanction in legislation. The prescription of disciplinary sanctions should be clearly stipulated in the Act on Disciplinary Sanctions, so as to impose necessary restrictions on the power of supervision and embody the substantive value of anti-corruption under the rule of law. The time limit for disciplinary sanctions should be set at five years. If illegal acts are not found within five years, no disciplinary sanctions shall be given.