基于推拉理论的多元区位农村宅基地退出分析——以泰顺、义乌、嘉兴为例

Analysis on the Exit of Rural Homestead with Multiple Locations from the Perspective of Push-pull Theory: a Case Study on Typical Village Areas in Taishun, Yiwu, and Jiaxing

本文研究目的旨在探索宅基地退出过程中整体和各类型“城中村—近郊—远郊—边远”所需针对关注的推、拉力因素,并总结推拉机制与相关建议。所使用研究方法有Logistics模型、多元区位法、实地调研法等。研究结果整理如下:(1)整体样本中,房屋寿龄、农户社交参与次数、养殖活动面积、宅基地面积是宅基地退出的主要推动力,并辅之以农机具存放面积、经营性活动面积、环境水平满意度协调推动;城市中心辐射和交通便利程度因素对宅基地退出具有显著拉动作用;(2)城中村农户“愿意”退出宅基地意向高;(3)“近郊”推力因素为房屋寿龄、经营性活动面积和农机具存放面积,拉力因素为城市中心辐射、基础设施建设、交通便利程度和最高文化程度;(4)“远郊”“边远”区位皆以推力因素为主:房屋面积、结构、农机具存放面积、养殖活动面积和环境水平满意度,其中“边远”的农机具存放、养殖面积因素与退出意愿有相关性,二者无拉力因素。根据所得研究结果,研究结论总结为不同区位宅基地的影响因素差异较显著,在退出时强调资产性补偿为先并重视区位特殊性,关注农户意愿偏好推动“区位类型-经济程度”宅基地退出推拉机制,高效保障宅基地退出和农户权益。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the push and pull factors in the process of homestead exit as a whole and for all types of “village in the city - suburb - exurb - remote”, and summarize the push and pull mechanism and relevant suggestions. The methods of logistics model, multiple -location method and field research method are used. The results show:(1) The main force for homestead exit is the age of housing, the number of social participation of farmers, the area of breeding activities, and the size of homestead in the overall sample, supplemented by the coordinated promotion of the storage area of agricultural machinery and tools, the area of business activities, and the satisfaction degree of environment. The radiation of urban center and the convenience of transportation have significantly driven the exit of homestead.(2) The intention of to exit homestead in urban village is high;(3) The push factors of “suburban” are the longevity of housing, the size and structure of business activities and the storage area of agricultural machinery and tools, while the pull factors are the radiation of urban center, infrastructure construction, transportation convenience and the highest level of education;(4) Both of “outer suburbs” and “remote” locations are dominated by push factors: housing area, structure, agricultural machinery and tools storage area, breeding activity area and satisfaction of environment, among which agricultural machinery, tools storage and breeding area of “remote” location are correlated with exit intention, and there is no pull factor. It is concluded that the difference of the influencing factors of residence in different locations is significant. When exiting, it emphasizes the asset compensation first and attaches importance to the particularity of the location, pays attention to the preference of farmers to promote the push and pull mechanism of “location type -economic degree”, and effectively guarantees the homestead exit and farmers' rights and interests.