云勇森林公园典型林分保健功能季节变化趋势研究

Study on seasonal changes of health care function of typical forest stands in Yunyong Forest Park

针对不同季节、同一林分内部在体感舒适度、滞尘、释放负氧离子和挥发植物精气等功能的差异,在多个时间维度下开展林分保健功能的季节差异研究,为构建森林保健综合评价方法提供新的思路。选取广东省佛山市云勇森林公园中阴香林、灰木莲林、湿地松林、黧蒴锥林、桉树林和阔叶混交林6种林分,分别在2016年12月,2017年5月和9月3个时段的10:00—16:00森林保健旅游高峰期,分析体感舒适程度等级、空气离子指数、空气颗粒物质量浓度和植物精气相对含量4个指标,开展林分保健功能的综合评价研究。结果表明:6种林分的体感舒适程度等级总体上均处在“舒适”及以上水平,2017年5月,6种林分的体感舒适度均为最优;6种林分的空气离子指数等级在不同的季节呈现明显的规律,除桉树林之外的其它5种林分, 2017年5月的空气离子指数等级均为最优;6种林分的PM2.5总体上处在一级质量浓度限值范围内,不同林分的空气质量呈现出不同季节变化趋势,阴香林、灰木莲林、黧蒴锥林和阔叶混交林在2017年9月时的空气质量表现为最优,而湿地松林和桉树林则在2016年12月时的空气质量表现为最优。6种林分所释放的植物精气物质相对含量均较低,但2017年5月和2017年9月的6种林分植物精气整体含量高于2016年12月。2017年5月的阴香林和灰木莲林综合保健功能表现最优;同一林分不同季节的体感舒适度具有显著差异,森林保健功能的发挥与林分内气温和风速条件联系更为紧密;不同林分内PM2.5含量受季节变化影响程度存在一定差异,阴香林和灰木莲林对PM2.5的滞尘效果较为稳定;植物精气的挥发量和成分组成与气温有一定的关联,需进一步研究不同林分植物精气挥发阈值;云勇森林公园旅游更适宜的出行季节和林分为每年5月时的阴香林和灰木莲林。

In order to summarize the seasonal variation of health care functions, under multiple time periods, the human comfort index, air ion index, atmospheric particulate matter and phytoncide in the same forest was put forward, which provides a scientific comprehensive evaluation method for forest health care functione. Six forest stands were selected in Yunyong forest park, including Cinnamomum burmannii, Magnolia blumei, Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus urophylla, Castanopsis fissa and broadleaf forest, to analysis of human comfort index, air ion index, atmospheric particulate matter and the phytoncide from 10:00 to 16:00 of Dec. 2016, May. 2017 and Sept. 2017 for the forest health care function evaluation. The results showed the human comfort grade in the 6 forest stands were generally at the grade of C and VC, and the human comfort grade was best in May. 2017;there were significant laws with the air ion index grade of the 6 forest stands, all of which were best except Eucalyptus urophylla;The PM2 5 of the 6 forest stands were in the range of the first concentration limit, but showed different trend;the PM2 5 of C.burmannii, M.blumei, C.fissa and broadleaf forest were lowest in Sept. 2017, while the PM25 of P.elliottii and E. urophylla were lowest in Dec. 2016. Phytoncide released from the 6 forest stands was low, but the whole phytoncide released in May. 2017 and Sept. 2017 was higher than that in Dec. 2016;Integrated with the human comfort grade, air ion index, PM2.5, and the phytoncide, C. burmannii and M. blumei forest were evaluated as the best health care function of all the 6 forest stands in Yunyong forest park. There were significant differences in human comfort index between different seasons in the same forest;the function of forest health care was more closely related to the temperature and wind speed conditions. There were different influences between the 6 forest stands due to seasonal changes, and the most stable dust detentions of all 6 forest stands were C. burmannii and M.blumei;The volatile quantity and composition of the phytoncide had correlation with temperature, which indicated that to play the function of forest health close attention should be paid to the threshold of the volatilization phytoncide. It is recommended that the suitable forest and season to visit Yunyong Forest Park were C. burmannii and M.blumei forest in May each year.