美国竞技体育歧视现象的缘起与现状——以非裔运动员为例

Origin and Current Situation of Discrimination in American Competitive Sports——Taking African American Athletes as an Example

运用文献资料法等,探讨非裔美国运动员在美国竞技体育界受歧视现象的历史缘起与存续现状。认为:基于美国资本主义社会的历史背景和多民族结构的种族主义现状,虽然非裔运动员在竞技体育界取得了巨大成功,但仍无法通过体育成就获得联盟的实际控制权并融入主流社会。虽然公开的种族歧视现象已基本消失,但隐性种族偏见依然存在。建议:政府、社会机构、体育组织和媒体机构四方合力,完善法律法规,加强政策、理念和舆论引导,最终实现“无种族主义的体育世界”。

By using the method of literature review,this paper explores the historical origin and current situation of discrimination against African-American athletes in American competitive sports. It holds that based on the historical background of American capitalist society and racist ideology of multi-ethnic structure,although African-American athletes have achieved great success in competitive sports,they are still unable to gain the actual control of the alliance through sports achievements and integrate into mainstream society. Although open racial discrimination has basically disappeared,implicit racial prejudice still exists. Suggestions: The government,social institutions,sports organizations and media organizations should work together to improve laws and regulations,strengthen the guidance of policies,ideas and public opinions,and ultimately realize the “sports world without racism”.