某院2015-2018年344例抗感染药物不良反应分析

344 adverse reactions caused by anti-infection drugs in our hospital from 2015 to 2018

目的对本院2015-2018年344例抗感染药物不良反应报告进行统计分析,了解临床抗感染药物不良反应的特点及规律,为指导临床合理用药提供参考。方法对344例抗感染药物不良反应报告进行统计,按患者性别、年龄、不良反应分级、发生时间、给药途径、药品种类、累及器官系统等进行回顾分析。结果男性患者略多于女性患者(1.098∶1);不良反应多发生于中青年(133例,38.66%);不良反应多集中于24 h内(122例,35.47%);静脉滴注发生不良反应的比例最高(257例,74.71%);莫西沙星(81例,23.55%)、头孢菌素类药物(77例,22.38%)和磷霉素氨丁三醇(32例,9.30%)的不良反应发生率较高;累及皮肤及其附件的不良反应发生比例最高(124例,36.05%)。结论抗感染药物的不合理使用不仅会损害患者健康还会加快耐药菌的产生,临床应加强对抗感染药物不良反应的重视,保障用药安全性。

Objective To summarize the characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR) caused by anti-infection drugs in our hospital from 2015 to 2018, and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinics. Methods Totally 334 ADR reports caused by anti-infection drugs were collected and retrospectively analyzed based on patients’ gender and age, reaction grading, time of occurred, route of administration, drug type and organs/systems involved in the ADRs caused by anti-infection drugs. Results In the total 344 cases, males showed slightly higher percentage than females(1.098∶1). The highest proportion of ADRs occurred in young and middle aged(133, 38.66%). Most ADRs occurred within 24 hours after the adminstration(122, 35.47%). Most ADRs appeared during intravenous driping(257, 74.71%);Moxifloxacin(81, 23.55%), cephalosporins(77, 22.38%) and fosfomycin tromethamine(32, 9.30%) caused the highest proportion of ADRs. The main organs or systems involved in ADR were skin and its appendages(124, 36.05%), follwed by the gastrointestinal system. Conclusion Irrational use of anti-infection drugs will not only harm the health of patients, but also accelerate the generation of drug-resistant bacteria. Clinical attention should be paid to ADRs of antibacterial drugs to ensure the safety of drug use.