19世纪末英国儿童权利保护的司法演进

The Judicial Evolution of Child Rights Protection in Britain at the End of the 19th Century

19世纪末,伴随着英国各大城市社会组织对儿童虐待问题的关注和发现,以思想家洛克、卢梭对人的自然权利和儿童生活本质的新论述为理论基础,公权力介入为儿童寻求权利、正义。以《防止虐待和保护儿童法》被通过为标志,英国在“儿童权利”的名义下形成了一套监督父母的体系,儿童虐待问题被纳入儿童福利的总体框架中。从儿童权利的司法演进入手,考察儿童虐待法律问题的发现、构建及解决过程,可以深入理解儿童权利的内涵、对儿童虐待问题的干预原则和国家政府与家庭儿童的关系。

At the end of the 19th century, with the attention and discovery of child abuse by social organizations in major cities in Britain, based on the new exposition of the natural rights of human beings and the nature of children’ life by thinkers Locke and Rousseau, public power intervened to seek rights and justice for children. Marked by the adoption of the Prevention of Child abuse and Protection Act, the United Kingdom has formed a system of monitoring parents in the name of "child rights". The issue of child abuse has been integrated into the overall framework of child welfare. Starting with the judicial evolution of children rights, through investigating the discovery, construction and solution of the legal problems of child abuse, we can deeply understand the connotation of children rights, the intervention principles of child abuse and the relationship between the national government and family children.