美国不分级制“弹性分组”教学组织策略的研究

Study on "flexible grouping" strategy of the teaching organizational mode of the nongraded education in American

美国不分级制教学组织模式是学者基于分级制弊端所提出的改革举措。为了达到有效促进学生个体发展的目的,不分级制采取了弹性分组的教学策略。从同龄学生个体之间有能力差异、个体发展的不同侧面也有很大的差异及学生在学习中的主体地位应得到体现探讨了实施弹性分组的必要性;从弹性分组的雏形来自儿童早期自主活动时的组织形态、集合了同质分组和异质分组的优势探讨了实施弹性分组的可能性;创设了不分级制班级的教育环境用以阐释弹性分组的具体实施方案;通过总结对比,弹性分组在促进学生个体发展方面具有优势。

On the basis of the drawbacks of the graded education, scholars proposed a reform measure -- The Nongraded Education in American. In order to effectively promote students’individual development, the nongraded education adopts the teaching strategy of flexible grouping. The article discusses the necessity of im? plementing flexible grouping from the aspects of ability differences among students of the same age, great differ? ences in different aspects of individual development and the reflection of students’dominant position in learn? ing. At the same time, it discusses the possibility of implementing flexible grouping from the perspective that the embryonic form of flexible grouping derived from the organization form of children’s early autonomous activ? ities and the advantages of combining homogeneous grouping and heterogeneous grouping. Furthermore, it cre? ates an educational environment of nongraded classes to explain the specific implementation scheme of flexible grouping. Finally it highlights the advantages of flexible grouping in promoting students’individual develop? ment through summary and comparison.