AI时代的传统制造业变革

The Change of Traditional Manufacturing Industry in the AI Era

中国劳动力从无限供给转变为有限供给,带来劳动工资的常态性上升和资本替代劳动效应,中国史无前例的重大变革正在迅速发生,所有产业都面临着资本替代劳动并选择劳动节约型技术的迫切要求。人工智能是第四次工业革命的最主要推动力,也是中国经济动能转换的迫切需要。就制造业而言,人工智能可以应用到制造企业计划、生产、销售和售后服务的全过程。但是,中国传统制造业存在一些制约因素,包括关键技术瓶颈、信息化程度低、资金不足、成本高等。为此,需深化产学研结合、建立完善的数据生态系统,制定人工智能在传统制造业应用的扶持政策,加强人工智能高端人才培养和引进,促进教育和培训体系改革。与此同时,传统制造企业还必须实现商业模式转型,以适应以人工智能为基础的新物流、新零售、新金融和新消费等新型产业生态。

The supply of China's labor force has become limited unlike before, bringing about the normal rise of labor wages and capital-labor substitution effect. China's unprecedented major changes are taking place rapidly. All industries are faced with the urgent need of capital replacing labor and the choice of labor-saving technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the main driving force for the fourth industrial revolution, and it is also an urgent need for the transformation of China's economic booster. In terms of the manufacturing industry, AI can be applied to the whole operation processes including budgeting, production, sales and aftersale services. However, there are some restrictive factors in China's traditional manufacturing industry, including key technical bottlenecks, low informationization level, insufficient funds and high cost. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the cooperation of industry, universities and research, establish a sound data ecosystem, formulate supporting policies for the application of AI in the traditional manufacturing industry, strengthen the training and introduction of high-end AI talents, and promote the reform of education and training system. At the same time, traditional manufacturing enterprises must also transform their business model to adapt to the new industrial ecology such as new logistics, new retail, new finance and new consumption based on AI.