“戏剧性”“剧场性”与“身体性”的互文表达——从舞剧到舞蹈剧场

The Intertexual Expression of “Dramatism” “Theatricality” and “Physicality”——From Dance Drama to Dance Theatre

舞剧产生和发展的相关议题并不只是舞剧范畴的命题。舞剧艺术整体观和发展观不失为一个有价值的研究视角,整体观是以"大戏剧观"为横坐标,发展观即以大戏剧历史为纵坐标。换言之,"舞剧"并不只是单纯进行"舞"与"剧"比重上的分析。在传统舞剧创作中,"舞"与"剧"在一定程度上呈现为一种割裂的状态,这本身就源自于舞剧诞生之初的"非独立性"。随着舞剧艺术观的不断成熟和发展,"舞"与"剧"化合出的元素——"戏剧性""剧场性"与"身体性"等生成了新的含义,主要体现在身体语言、人声语言和结构语言的互文性表达上。广义舞剧的"剧",是将它看作Drama,还是Theatre,其实体现为两种完全不同的舞剧观,后者早已超越了文学性和故事性思维,还包融了舞蹈剧场、身体剧场、舞踏、肢体戏剧等后现代特征的诸多类型。当然,一部舞剧和舞蹈剧场作品,也交融着"文学构成中的戏剧性"(Dramatic/Dramatism)和"舞台呈现中的戏剧性"(Theatrical/Theatricality)。20世纪以来广义舞剧的各种类型,具有不一样的"戏剧性",是对"舞蹈的戏剧"所进行的本体性开拓。舞剧本体向作为"复调艺术"的舞蹈剧场混合型本体发展。但是,这并不意味着"文学构成的戏剧性"在舞剧中的退场。当代(芭蕾)舞剧正焕发出新的生命力。

The issues related to the occurrence and development of ballet are not just the propositions in the category of dance drama. The holistic view and development view of dance art is a valuable research perspective. The holistic view is based on the "view of grand drama" as the horizontal coordinate, and the development view is based on the history of grand drama as the vertical coordinate. In other words,"dance dramaT,is not simply an analysis of the proportion of "dance" and "drama". In the creation of traditional dance drama,"dance" and "drama" presents a state of separation to a certain extent, which originates from the "nonindependence" since the birth of ballet. However, with the continuous maturity and development of the artistic view of ballet, the elements of "dance" and "drama", such as "dramatism","theatricality" and "physicality" have formed new meanings, mainly reflecting in the intertextual expression of body language, vocal language and structural language. The "drama" in the broad sense of ballet is to regard it as Drama or Theatre? In fact, it embodies two completely different views of ballet, the latter has already surpassed the literary and narrative thinking, and includes many types of postmodern characteristics, such as dance theatre, body theatre, Butoh, physical theatre and so on. Of course, a dance drama and a work of dance theatre also blend "Dramatic/Dramatism in literary composition" and "Theatrical/Theatricality in stage presentation". Since the 20 th century, various types of generalized dance drama have different "dramatism", all of which are the ontological development of "dance drama". The ontology of dance drama develops into a mixed-type ontology of dance theatre as a " polyphonic art". However, this does not mean the "dramatism of literary composition" retreats in dance drama, the contemporary dance drama has a new vitality.